Working Principle and Technical Analysis of USB3.0

 

USB3.0 Working Principle

    The reason why USB3.0 has the performance of "speeding" is entirely due to technological improvements. Compared to the USB 2.0 interface, USB 3.0 adds more parallel mode physical buses. You can pick up a USB cable next to you and take a look at the interface. On the basis of the original 4-wire structure (power, ground, and 2 data), USB 3.0 has added 4 more lines for receiving and transmitting signals. Therefore, there are a total of 8 lines, both inside the cable and on the interface. It is the additional 4 (2 pairs) lines that provide support for the bandwidth required for 'SuperSpeed USB', enabling 'overspeed'. Obviously, the two (1 pair) lines on USB 2.0 are not enough.
    
     In fact, USB3.0 did not adopt any little-known advanced technology, but theoretically increased bandwidth by 10 times. Therefore, it is more approachable and friendly. Once the SuperSpeed USB product is launched, it can be easily accepted by more people and better customized products can be made. With the gradual popularization of the Vista operating system, high-definition video, and DX10, there are more and more high-capacity and high-speed data transfers, and the demand for bandwidth is also increasing. The original USB 1.1 and USB 2.0 can no longer meet future needs. Starting from the end of 2007, Intel Corporation, along with companies such as HP, NEC, NXP Semiconductor, and Texas Instruments, jointly developed USB3.0 technology. USB3.0 technology is mainly used for fast synchronous instant transmission of personal computers, consumer, and mobile products. USB 3.0 has backward compatibility standards, compatibility with USB1.1 and USB2.0 standards, and has the ease of use and plug and play capabilities of traditional USB technology. The goal of USB3.0 technology is to launch products that are more than 10 times faster than USB2.0, using the same architecture as wired USB. In addition to optimizing the USB 3.0 specification to achieve lower energy consumption and higher protocol efficiency, USB 3.0 ports and cables can achieve backward compatibility and support future fiber optic transmission. USB3.0 will adopt a new physical layer where two channels are used to separate data transmission and acknowledgement processes, thus achieving higher speeds. In order to replace the polling and broadcast mechanisms used by USB, the new specification will adopt packet routing technology and only allow transmission when terminal devices have data to send. The new linking standard will also enable each component to support multiple data streams, and each data stream can maintain independent priority levels, which can be used to terminate interference caused by jitter during video transmission. The transmission mechanism of data streams also makes it possible to have inherent command queues, thus optimizing data transmission on hard drives. In order to be compatible with version 2.0, USB 3.0 adopts a 9-pin design, with four pins having the same shape and definition as USB 2.0, while the other five are specifically designed for USB 3.0. The pin definition for the standard USB 3.0 male port is that the white part is dedicated to USB 2.0 connection, while the red part is dedicated to USB 3.0 connection. The pin definition for the standard USB 3.0 female port is that the purple pin is dedicated to USB 2.0, and the red pin is dedicated to USB 3.0 connection. If the USB 3.0 cable is not included in the Braid cable, there are a total of 8 cables. It is worth noting that the power cables of USB 2.0 and 3.0 are shared in the cable.
     The Mini USB 3.0 interface is divided into two types of male ports (Plug): A and B, while the female port (Receiver) will have two types: AB and B. From a shape perspective, the AB female port can be compatible with both A and B male ports, and the pin of the 3.0 version male port is 9 pins.